| Intrauterine |

Violation of Rules || Varied Effects on Foetus
Some More Facts || Congential Anomalies of Sexual Organs

• Causes in relation to soul
  Sins of past life of the individual and of parents is responsible for foetal abnormalities. 
  
• Hereditary factors 
  Gross defects in sperms or ova give rise to sterility or leads to abortion. Defective chromosomes and genes, i.e. bija-bhagavayava are responsible for hereditary anomalies, e.g. defects in sex chromosomes are responsible for abnormalities of sex organs. 
  
• Consanguinity
  It is important to avoid marriage in close relatives as the chances of hereditary diseases are increased. Hereditary diseases like diabetes are incurable. 
  
• Age of parents
  The seeds in a man and a woman mature at the age of 25 and 16 respectively. If parents are below this age, the foetus does not develop, dies early or becomes deformed. 
  
• Abnormal state
  Intercourse in an abnormal posture leads to a deformed child. 
  
• Increased dosas
  Increased vata, pitta and kapha in the foetus lead to congenital anomalies. Increased vata, i.e. vataprakopa gives rise to a deformed, deaf and dumb child. 
  
• Hearing unpleasant words or distressing news or hearing shrill noises may lead to deafness in the foetus. 
  
• Conduct
  Religious conduct of parents may be harmful to the foetus. Religious conduct in this context means fasting by women during pregnancy which is not advisable. 
  
• Introgenic causes
  Pancakarma, i.e. induction of sweating, emesis, purgation, enema, nasal medications and administering hot drugs to the mother may lead to abortion, discolouration or a congenital anomaly. 
  
• Regulations
  Not observing regulations prior to the menstrual period may be harmful to the foetus. 
  
• Psychological factors
  Increased rajas and tamas qualities of mind give rise to personality disorders. Getting angry and jealous leads to congenital anomalies. 
  
• Addictions
  Alcohol and smoking give rise to congenital anomalies.

• Blindness (Aandhya)
• Deafness (Badhirya)
• Dumbness (Muka),
• Congenital hernia (Vrddhi)
• Anal atresia or stenosis (Sanniruddha guda),
• Congenital piles (Sahaja arsa), etc.  

Prevention Methods

The use of medication like Bhagavati i.e. Laghusatavari, Aparajrita or Visnukranta and Taraka, i.e. Indravaruni by expectant parents and pregnant ladies for the prevention of hereditary diseases is advised. 

For the prevention of congenital heart disease, the pregnant lady should take Mrgasrnga bhasma.