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| Tonic-clonic (grand
mal)
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- Prodromal phase
Hours or days before attack, there is uneasiness and irritability.
- Aura:
Olfactory hallucination.
Epigastric discomfort.
Jerking of one limb.
- Tonic phase:
Tonic contractions of muscles.
Arms flexed and adducted, legs extended.
'Cry' as air expelled.
Loss of consciousness.
Lasts 10-30 secs.
- Clonic phase
Violent jerking of face and limbs.
Tongue biting.
Incontinence.
Lasts 1-5 min.
- Post-ictal phase
Deep unconsciousness.
Flaccid limbs and jaw.
Loss of corneal reflexes.
Extensor plantar responses.
Last a few minutes to several hours.
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| Absences (petit
mal)
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It
is seen mostly in
children.
- Child stops activity, stares, may blink or roll up the eyes
- Fails to respond to commands.
- Each attack lasts only a matter of seconds
- Many absences may occur in a day.
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| Atonic
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- Loss of posture results in a fall (akinetic attack).
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| Myoclonic |
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- Sudden involuntary contractions of limbs, trunk, facial muscles.
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