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Q.1) What does Megaloblastic Anemia mean?

Ans :  Megaloblastic Anemia is characterized by the presence of large Red Blood Corpuscles in blood.

   

Q.2) How does Megaloblastic Anemia progress?
Ans: Folic acid plays a role in purine and pyrimidine synthesis. Cobalamin (vitamin B 12) is required for the proper metabolism of folate. Deficiency of either can ultimately lead to defective DNA metabolism and Megaloblastosis.
  
Q.3) What are the causes of Megaloblastic Anemia?
Ans: The causes are
  • Deficiency of
    • Folic acid.
    • Cobalamin (vit. B12).
  • Drugs
    • hydroxyurea.
    • methotrexate.
  • Intrinsic factor deficiency
  
Q.4)What are the symptoms of Megaloblastic Anemia?
Ans: The symptoms are
  • Fatigue.
  • Pallor. 
  • Paresthesias (pins and needles sensation).
  • Gait disturbance.
  • Weakness.
  • Intellectual/ Personality change.
 
Q.5) What are the related signs?
Ans: The related signs are
  • Pallor 
  • Smooth tongue.
  • Malnutrition 
  • Cobalamin -deficient only
    • Diminished proprioception and vibratory sense.
    • Spasticity.
    • Dementia.
  
Q.6) What investigations are done?
Ans: Laboratory tests conducted are
  • MCV.
  • Reticulocyte count.
  • Blood smear.
  • LDH.
  • Serum bilirubin.
  • Serum B12 level.
  • Serum/red blood cell folate level.
  • Methylmalonic acid.
  • Holotranscobalamin II level.
  • Schilling test.
    
Q.7) What are the treatment measures?
Ans: The treatment measures are
  • Multivitamins
  • Treatment of underlying cause, if present.
   
Q.8) How can Megaloblastic Anemia be prevented?
Ans: The preventive measures are
  • Consumption of meat-based and vegetarian diets rich in vitamins.
  • Vegetarians should supplement their diet with oral vitamins.
 
Q.9) Important things one should know about Megaloblastic Anemia?
Ans: Emphasizing on the importance of lifelong therapy will prove to be beneficial to prevent relapse in those whose cause is not reversible.
  
Q.10) What are the associated factors / risk factors?
Ans:  No significant factors.
 

 

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