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Q.1) What does Hemolytic Anemia mean? |
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Ans : Hemolytic Anemia means the premature and excessive destruction of red cells either within the blood vessels or outside it.
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Q.2) How does Hemolytic Anemia progress? |
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Ans:
Due to a variety of causes, the Red Blood Corpuscles are destroyed prematurely. If the bone marrow cannot replace the red cells rapidly, hemolytic anemia results.
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Q.3) What are the causes of Hemolytic Anemia? |
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Acquired hemolytic
disorders
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- Hypersplenism
- Immunohemolytic anemia
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- Toxin and metabolic disorders such as:
- Arsenic- and copper
- Bacteria
- Snake and spider bite
- Spur cell hemolytic anemia
- Parasitic infection such as Malaria
- Red cell
trauma.
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Hereditary hemolytic disorders |
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- Membrane defects
- Hereditary spherocytosis
- Hereditary elliptocytosis
- Enzyme defects
- Embden-Meyerhof pathyway
- Hexose monophosphate shunt: glucose -6-phosphte dehydrogenase deficiency.
- Defects in glycolysis: pyruvate kinase deficiency
- Thalassemia
- Hemoglobinopathies
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Q.4) What are the symptoms of Hemolytic Anemia?
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Ans:
The symptoms are
- Fatigue.
- Breathlessness or exertion.
- Worsening of pre-existing angina.
- Palpitation( rapid throbbing pulsations)
- Postural dizziness.
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Q.5) What are the related signs?
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Ans: The related signs are
- Jaundice
- Pallor
- Cholelithiasis
- Splenomegaly
- Positive family history for hemoglobinopathies or congenital
anemia.
- Positive medical history for associated disease.
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Q.6) What investigations are done?
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Ans: Laboratory Tests conducted are
- Haemoglobin
- Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
- Serum bilirubin
- Test for Coombs' antibody
- Reticulocyte count
- Blood culture
- Red blood cell morphology
- Peripheral blood smear analysis
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Q.7)What are the treatment methods?
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Ans: Correct
diagnosis of cause through Supportive Treatment
- Bed rest,
- Oxygen,
- Packed red blood cell transfusion if required,
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Multivitamins, if required.
Aggressive relief of cardiac/end organ hypoperfusion or ischemia.
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Q.8) What is the follow-up of Hemolytic Anemia?
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Ans: There is generally no accepted follow-up schedule.
It is usually decided on an individual basis.
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